| Recommended Uses: | Specimen plant. This is an open-branched shrub that can be trained into a small tree. It prefers habitats under a high canopy. | |
| Propagation: | According to wildflower.org, one method of propagation by seed is to sow fresh seeds in cold frame or greenhouse and keep the seedlings lightly shaded the first year. Another method is to double-stratify the seeds and fall sow in a well-protected spot. Germination may take two years. |
| Availability: | Native nurseries, Quality nurseries |
| Light: | Part Shade, Shade |
| Moisture Tolerance: |
always floodedextremely dry |
| | (Usually moist, occasional inundation ----- to ----- Not wet but not extremely dry) |
| Moisture Tolerance: | Usually moist, occasional inundation ----- to ----- Not wet but not extremely dry |
| Salt Water Flooding Tolerance: | Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. |
| Salt Spray/ Salty Soil Tolerance: | Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray |
| Soil or other substrate: | Loam, Sand |
| Soil pH: | Acid to neutral | |
