| Recommended Uses: | Ground cover for moist, shady sites. Also useful in wetland restoration. | |
| Considerations: | Will spread unless contained by physical or environmental limits. Periodic removal of old fronds is recommended. | |
| Propagation: | Division. Spores. |
| Availability: | Native nurseries, FNPS plant sales, Specialty providers |
| Light: | Part Shade, Shade |
| Moisture Tolerance: |
always floodedextremely dry |
| | (Stays Wet ----- to ----- Somewhat moist, no flooding) |
| Moisture Tolerance: | Stays Wet ----- to ----- Somewhat moist, no flooding |
| Salt Water Flooding Tolerance: | Not salt tolerant of inundation by salty or brackish water. |
| Salt Spray/ Salty Soil Tolerance: | Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray |
| Soil or other substrate: | Clay, Loam, Organic material (muck), Sand |
| Soil pH: | Acidic to neutral | |
