Common Name:

Synonym(s):

Genus species:

Family:

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Form:

Size:

Life Span:

long-lived perennial

Flower Color:

Fruit Color:

Phenology:

Noted For:

Recommended Uses:

Considerations:

Availability:

Propagation:

Light:

Moisture Tolerance:

Always Flooded---------------------------------Extremely Dry

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Short very dry periods -to- Very long very dry periods

Salt Water Flooding

Tolerance:

Unknown

Salt Spray/Salty Soil Tolerance:

Low/no tolerance of salty wind or direct salt spray

Soil or Other Substrate:

Soil pH:

Suitable to Grow In:

USDA zones are based on the average annual extreme minimum winter temperature.

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Vouchered In:

Wildlife:

Used for nectar by butterflies. Attracts a wide variety of pollinators, especially bees. Documented bee visitors include Colletes mandibularis, Perdita graenicheri, Agapostelnon splendens, Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, A. sumptuosa, Lasioglossum coreopsis, L. nymphale, L. tarponense, Halictus ligatus, Sphecodes heraclei, Dianthidium floridiense, Megachile albitarsis, M. mendica, M. texana and Apis mellifera (honeybee) (Deyrup et al. 2002). The goldenrod soldier beetle (a.k.a. Leatherwing beetle ( Chauliognathus pensylvanicus is a goldenrod pollinator (Florida Wildflower Foundation). Is a larval food for some lepidopterans, mostly moths.

Songbirds such as goldfinches and sparrows eat the seeds, and mice and deer browse the foliage and flowers. Provides cover for many small animals including but not limited to lizzards, skinks, snakes, and mice.

Native Habitats:

Ethnobotany:

General Comments: